Non-thermal Biological Effects of Microwaves

The aim of this paper is to overview the diverse biological effects of non-thermal microwaves (NT MWs) and complex dependence of these effects on various physical and biological parameters. Besides dependencies on frequency and modulation, the available data suggest dependencies of the NT MW effects on intermittence and coherence time of exposure, polarization, static magnetic filed, electromagnetic stray field, genotype, gender, physiological and individual factors, cell density during of exposure and indicate that duration of exposure may be not less important than power density (PD) for the NT MW effects. Further evaluation of these dependencies are needed for understanding the mechanisms by which NT MWs affect biological systems, planning in vivo and epidemiological studies, developing medical treatments, setting safety standards, and minimizing the adverse effects of MWs from mobile communication.